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原文
Exhaust valve working conditions Marine diesel engine exhaust valve in very poor working conditions, high temperature valve bottom and direct contact with combustion products, the valve opening period also bear a high temperature (900 ~ 1000 ° C) and corrosive gases, high-speed (up to 600m / s ) erosion, the valve core temperature up to 700 ~ 800 ° C, the valve disc and stem transition in the middle of the arc, the temperature also has 600 ~ 700 ° C, the exhaust valve temperature distribution shown in Figure 1-1. High temperature mechanical properties of metallic materials will reduce the thermal deformation of material occurs. When the valve face Mifengbuyan, the valve will cause the surface temperature of the burning gas. Valve seat, the valve and valve seat of the inertia force and the joint action of the spring force, but also bear a considerable impact on sexual intercourse variable load, the valve or valve bounce occurs when the gap increases, the load will be significantly to increase. Valve and valve seat hit, easy to form a sealing surface deformation and severe wear. Mostly due to the vast majority of marine diesel engine turbocharged diesel engine, because the fresh air inlet pressure to prevent the oil from the valve to get the catheter may, therefore, prone to dry friction between the metal. But in general, and supercharged diesel engine exhaust valve seat alloy surface layer of oil between the Federation of cloth or smoke oil lubricants. In addition, stem and pipe wear will occur between the stem and the top of the impact by the rocker wear.
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译文：
船舶柴油机中排气阀的工作条件十分恶劣，气阀底面与高温燃烧产物直接接触，在气阀开启期间还承受着高温(900～1000°C)和具有腐蚀性气体的高速(达600m/s)冲刷，气阀中心温度高达700～800°C，在阀盘与阀杆过渡圆弧中段，温度也有600～700°C，排气阀工作温度分布如图1-1 所示。过高的温度会使金属材料的机械性能降低，材料发生热变形。当阀面密封不严时，就会引起高温燃气对阀面的烧损。气阀落座时，阀与阀座的惯性力和弹簧作用力的共同作用下，还承受着相当大的冲击性交变载荷，在气阀出现跳动或气阀间隙增大时，这种载荷会明显增加。阀与阀座的撞击，容易形成密封面的变形和严重的磨损。因船用柴油机绝大部分多为增压柴油机，由于进气道内的新鲜空气压力阻止了从气阀导管中获得滑油的可能，因此，金属之间易发生干摩擦。但在一般柴油机的气阀以及增压柴油机的排气阀座合金面间总会布有一层滑油或烟油等润滑物。此外，阀杆与导管间也会发生磨损，阀杆顶端受摇臂的撞击与磨损。

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