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ScienceDaily (Nov. 25, 2009) — Photosynthetic organisms need to cope with a wide range of light intensities, which can change over timescales of seconds to minutes. Too much light can damage the photosynthetic machinery and cause cell death. Scientists at the Carnegie Institution were part of a team that found that specific proteins in algae can act as a safety valve to dissipate excess absorbed light Ball Valves energy before it can wreak havoc in cells. Photosynthetic organisms need to cope with a wide range of light intensities, which can change over timescales of seconds to minutes. Too much light can damage the photosynthetic machinery and cause cell death. Scientists at the Carnegie Institution were part of a team that found that specific proteins in algae can act as a safety valve to dissipate excess absorbed light energy before it can wreak havoc in cells. The research, performed mostly by Graham Peers in the laboratory of Krishna Niyogi from the University of California, Berkeley, included researchers at the University of Münster, Germany, and used a mutant strain of the Check Valves single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, originally isolated at the Carnegie Institution, to show that a specific protein of the light harvesting family of proteins plays a critical role in eliminating excess absorbed light energy. A mutant lacking this protein, designated LHCSR, suffered severely when exposed to fluctuating light conditions. "Photosynthetic organisms must be able to manage absorbed light energy," says study co-author Arthur Grossman of Carnegie's Department of Plant Biology, "and the LHCSR proteins appear to be critical for algae to eliminate absorbed light energy as heat as light levels in the environment fluctuate, becoming potentially toxic." Grossman points out that photosynthetic organisms have developed a number of different mechanisms for managing the absorption of light energy and that these different mechanisms may be tailored to the diversity of environments in which organisms have evolved. Some have evolved in deserts where both light Gate Valves levels and temperatures can be very high while others have evolved in alpine environments where the light levels can be very high and temperatures very low. "As we understand more about the ways in which the environment impacts the evolution of the photosynthetic machinery, we may be able to introduce specific mechanisms into plants that allow them to better manage absorbed light energy, which in turn would let them survive harsher environmental conditions" Grossman says, "which would have obvious benefits for agriculture." He also notes the current interest in using algae to generate biofuels, and the possibility of cultivating algae in deserts, where solar input can be extremely high. As he states, "If we are going to attempt this we have to make sure that we use the right algae that can thrive and produce oils at high levels under harsh environmental conditions. It's possible that we can also tailor various features of the photosynthetic machinery to let algae use light energy more efficiently and suffer less damage under extremely high light and temperature conditions, but I would emphasize that there are many extreme challenges associated with the creation of such robust, commercially viable strains." The research appears in the 26 November issue of Nature.
原文来自： http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091125135136.htm

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ScienceDaily（2009年11月25日） - 光合生物的需要应付的光照强度，可以改变过去几秒钟到几分钟时间尺度范围广泛。过多的光线会破坏光合机制，导致细胞死亡。卡内基研究院的科学家都是一个团队的一部分，发现，在藻类的特殊蛋白质可以作为安全阀行为消散吸收光的能量过剩，才可以肆虐细胞造成严重破坏。光合生物需要应付的光照强度，可以改变过去几秒钟到几分钟时间尺度范围广泛。过多的光线会破坏光合机制，导致细胞死亡。卡内基研究院的科学家都是一个团队的一部分，发现，在藻类的特殊蛋白质可以作为安全阀行为消散吸收光的能量过剩，才可以肆虐细胞造成严重破坏。这项研究，主要表现在克里希纳Niyogi格雷厄姆同行实验室从美国加州大学伯克利分校，包括在德国明斯特大学的研究人员，用一变异株的单细胞绿藻莱茵衣藻，原本孤立卡内基研究所，以表明对蛋白质的捕光了家庭的特定蛋白质在消除过剩的光能吸收了关键作用。阿缺乏这种蛋白质的变异，指定LHCSR，深受其害当暴露在光线条件下的波动。 “光合生物必须能够吸收光能管理，说：”研究的共同作者阿瑟卡内基植物生物学系“和LHCSR蛋白质格罗斯曼似乎是为了消除藻类吸收的关键在各级的光热光能环境波动，成为潜在的毒性。“ 格罗斯曼指出，光合生物已开发了用于管理不同的光能吸收一些机制，这些不同的机制可能是适合的生物体在进化环境的多样性。有些人在沙漠演变既轻水平，气温可能会非常高，而其他人在高山环境演变到的光线水平可以非常高，气温很低。 “据我们了解更多关于如何使环境影响了光合机构的发展，我们也许能够引入植物的具体机制，使他们能够更好地管理吸收光能，而这反过来让他们生存的环境条件苛刻“格罗斯曼说，”这将对农业显而易见的好处。“ 他还注意到，在使用藻类产生燃料当前的利益，以及在沙漠中培养，在太阳能的投入是非常高的藻类的可能性。正如他所说：“如果我们要尝试这一点，我们必须确保我们使用正确的藻类能够蓬勃发展，生产在恶劣环境条件下高油。这有可能是我们还可以定制的光合机制的各种特性让藻类利用光能更有效，并受到极高下，光照和温度条件下减少损失，但我想强调一点，就是与这种强大的，商业上可行的菌株建立相关许多极端的挑战。“ 这项研究发表在11月26日自然的问